fighting funding for civil rights in the united states. this should last about an hour and a half. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [applause]

>> good evening. i am delighted, truly delighted to see all of you here this evening because this is an extraordinary evening and an extraordinary program. a little preamble, i'm at the virginia foundation for the humanities and and i'm the present of their position which produces activities and programs. [applause] thank you. i'm here to tell you that this is the coldest book festival in history. [laughter] that's a short history, 19 years nonetheless it's the coldest and it doesn't appear to be getting better tomorrow or the next day either. very unusual but spring is again at 7:02 on wednesday. i'm sure none of you noticed

along the way. we began that morning with the nineteentnineteent h annual virginia festival of books. next year we want you wanted to come back to the 20th which will begin on march the 19th and run it until the 23rd so we are moving back a day. we expect it to be warmer nonetheless. i would like to remind you of a couple of things. one is that we would like very much if you would make sure your cell phones are turned off. now is a good time to do that. i would appreciate it. and the other is the house lights will be up most of evening here. c-span is recording the event and if you are particularly shy and don't want to appear on camera you might duck from time to time but i don't think that will be necessary. we are grateful to c-span for making this possible. also, we are grateful to wells fargo and two anonymous donors

for contributing to the benefit of this evening. we thank them and all of you for being here too. [applause] we are also grateful to the nba office for diversity and equity and to the nba runners of the clinic. we are grateful to them as well for sponsoring this evening and we are grateful as always to the book festival for the 200 or so volunteers who make it possible and about 15 or 20 of them work year-round to get this thing organized, these five days. this year i think 206 events so it's a moving target. we may have gone up a few and i want to remind you that even though it's saturday night you still have an opportunity to attend 12 more book festival events tomorrow.

beginning at 11:30 with one of them. we hope you'll come back and join us tomorrow as well. i am very pleased this evening to welcome mark. most of you who live here in town know of the ragged mountain biking shop and the work that he and his wife cynthia have done for some 30 years in this town to make it an extraordinary running community, runners community, the charlottesville 10 miler and the women's four miler for breast cancer research and their civic mindedness through their business and through their personal lives. [applause] mark will be introducing john carlos. i'm also pleased to welcome kate damon here this evening.

kate's business is called k's and it's a graphic design business but it's gotten involved in arranging for the speakers. in this case john lewis to be with us this evening and we are grateful to her. you might recognize her name. she grew up in charlottesville and her mother has something to do with this book festival. [applause] so first, mark. [applause] >> good evening everyone. thanks. thanks for those really nice introductory comments. well, if you haven't seen the picture photo i'm going to remind you of it. [applause]

they say that a picture tells a thousand words and in the case of one at tonight's scheduled -- special guests it speaks to us in so many different levels. it's the 13-year-old sports night back in new jersey in 1968 i had several iconic sports photos on my bedroom walls and on my desk. willie mays, the catch, jackie robinson rounding third base screeching in his cleats in his brooklyn dodgers uniform on heading home. cassius clay standing defiantly over a defeated sonny liston, arnold palmer tossing his visor into the air at the u.s. open and vince lombardi being carried off the field by his packer athletes at super bowl i. the well-known sports photo

captures as many emotions is that so many things to us as the one of tommy smith and john carlos shula's holding their discs high into the sky at the awards podium in the mexico city a lengthy games. it inspires, it motivates, it educates and it moves us. it even angers us and painfully reminds us of all the hatred and injustice so many of our citizens endured at the hands of their fellow countrymen. and today just as i was at their teen years old i'm still an off how these two great men took a chance and risked so much to stand up for literally millions of people. when i look at that photo and after reading dr. carlo' book i'm reminded of the notion that nothing endures more than your character. and the simple yet daunting question of how you want to be remembered. he was one of our host earlier

today and summed it up and he said even long after john carlos is physically gone his influence will be very much alive in that iconic photo. nothing could be a more revered legacy. in the case of dr. carlo's he spent only two and a half pages of this entire book describing his actual 200-meter bronze medal race, his enduring character has transcended the memory of that medal for he has so many other things to be proud of. here are just a few of them. his harlem upbringing, his 200-meter world records, being inducted into the u.s. track and field hall of fame and joining the likes of nelson mandela pat summitt jimmy galvano pat tillman and mohamed obeyed as an recipient of the arthur ashe recipient. he helped organize the 1984 los angeles olympic games. he is proud of his countless kids that he is counseled over the years, his wife charlene and his children and one of his sons

is here in the audience tonight. he has 16 grandchildren that he is proud of and at 99-year-old mother that he is really proud of. [applause] and when you get to read his book one of my favorite chapters in john's book is the one that spoke right to my soul. it's the one that redefined the term that so many of us used. i would do anything for my mother. there is a scene, a story and there john's mother cannot sit outside, outside of her apartment complex in harlem because there are so many caterpillars in these trees outside the apartment that were dropping onto her and biting her so she is sitting inside in this dumpy apartment in the summertime. she wants to be outside so john goes to as a young man, high school age may be at most and he goes to the supervisor of the apartment complex and he says we

need to spray those trees. get out of here, get out of here. so he warns him, i'm telling you my mother is suffering. we have to spray the caterpillars out of the trees so she can sit out there in the part hinge. who are you talking to? he said i'm going to burn those trees down if you don't spray them. whatever. he burned them down. [laughter] in the middle of new york. nothing personally and dares us to john carlos more than the courage and bravery that led him up the podium stairs to help our country redirect its path in its history. it's with great honor that i along with my dear friends and fellow runners dr. wilder from the audience tonight nancy damon who is here also. i don't know where you are nancy but i can see bob sitting there. we all had the privilege of presenting this extraordiextraordi nary national treasury to use you so in a second please join me in welcoming dr. john carlos.

we will bring kate damon appear next. [applause] [applause] [applause] >> thank you so much. this is a wonderful, a rousing day for me to come to charlottesville and to receive an ovation like this. it's extremely precious to me to be at this form this evening. >> i have to go first. [laughter] >> i'm sorry.

[applause] >> good evening. no worries, no worries. my name is kate damon and some of you all might know my mother. so i first met congressman lewis in 2010 at a client's event in washington d.c. and he had just won the inaugural lbj liberty and justice for all award. and we happen to be getting our coats at the same time so i tapped him on the shoulder and i said, excuse me congress men lewis, my mother just thinks you are the greatest. ai give you a hug for her? and he said of course. and so in his recent book, "across that bridge" he writes love is the willingness to be

beaten, to go to jail to be killed for the betterment of society rather than live out your life in silence. i really think his journey in life is a testament to the station. station. as the a young man lewis was inspired to become part of this overrides movement listening to reverend martin luther king on the radio during the montgomery bus boycott and became a leader of the national sedans and he participated on the freedom ride where he risked his life just simply sitting in seats that were for white patrons. at the age of 23 he was recognized as one of the big six of the civil rights movement. he was one of the architects of the 53 march on washington and he was the keynote speaker representing sncc and the only speaker still living. on march 7, 1965 john lewis lead over 600 people orderly protesters across the edmund pettus bridge in selma alabama. they intended to march to selma

to montgomemontgome ry to demonstrate the need for voting rights in alabama. but the marchers were attacked by alabama state troopers and a brutal confrontation that is now known as lovely sunday. 13 years ago the congressman started an annual congressional civil rights pilgrimage with a faith and politics institute in washington and ever since then he has led a delegation of bipartisan members of congress, civil rights leaders clergy musicians filmmakers got to meet most importantly as a student of all ages to pass on the memory and appearances of those days. to the next generation of marchers. i have now had the privilege of marching across that bridge twice with congressman lewis and just a few weeks ago we the delegation were sitting in the pews of the first baptist church in montgomery alabama where the

police chief of montgomery gave a speech about the role of the police during the civil rights movement and he apologized to the congressman. he was so moved by the moment that he gave him his badge to the congressman as a symbol of reconciliation. just put this in perspective, he was the first police officer that has ever apologized to the congressman. [applause] so when i say he's the most courageous human i've ever had the privilege of meeting i really mean it because despite more than 40 arrests, physical attacks, serious injuries, john lewis has always remained steadfast in the philosophy of nonviolence. his commitment to sharing his experiences with grace and patience and never hearing from his beliefs in love, even for what one is a lesson for us all.

the congressman gives me hope. he inspires me to be a better human and i'm so grateful for the sacrifices that he has made in life and the love that he has given our country but moreover the world. and you know he would say he is a humble man and he is just a man and everybody should be doing this but i'm pretty sure he is a superhero. his superpower is love. always lead with love ,-com,-com ma no matter how hard they beat you love always winds. congressman john lewis. [applause] [applause] [applause]

>> we are going to start with a few minutes from each ear this morning to talk about anything they would like to talk about about their own stories. we will begin with john carlos. >> you need to forgive me. [laughter] >> not to worry. >> i almost went to the restroom. as i stated, it's a real honor for me to be here in charlottesville and before being stopped i was about to say an extreme pleasure and honor for me to be here with congressman lewis. we have been traveling parallel roads for a long time but we have never crossed one another's paths. i am just so thankful to god. [applause] i'm just so thankful that god

put us together before relieved to have one-on-one with the lord. he is a great human being and i'm just so honored to be here to share this evening with him tonight and get ready for a good show. >> thank you very much. dr. john carlos i must tell you i'm delighted and pleased to be with you. thank you for your service. thank you for all of your good work. i want to thank the virginia festival of looks for having me here. now i didn't grow up in a big city. big city. i grew up m. a farm in rural alabama about 50 miles from montgomery. growing up there in the 30s and 40s and the 50s was a time

of joy visited tuskegee of birmingham. i saw signs that said white men, men, white women, women, white waiting, waiting in my mother and my father, i would ask my grandparents and my great-grandparents why? they would say that's the way it is. don't given the get in the way and don't get in trouble. one day i heard about rosa parks when i was 15 years old in the tenth grade. i heard about martin luther king jr. and i met rosa parks in 1957 when i was 17. i met dr. king for next year in 1958 at the age of 18. my folks kept saying to me don't get in trouble, don't get in the way that rosa mart parks and martin luther king jr. inspired me to find a way to get in the

way. i was so inspired that in 1956 at the age of 16 with some of my brothers and sisters and cousins we went down to the public library in the town of true alabama trying to get a library card, trying to check out some books. we went to the library that was for whites only and not for. i never went back to that library until july 5, 19 -- and the book walking with the wind. [applause] and hundreds of lack and white citizens came. we had a wonderful program, food something to drink. at the end of the program they gave me a library card. it says something about the common purpose.

some of you in my little book walk with the wind i just try to tell the story. i was deeply inspired to move my feet, to move my body and to adhere to the philosophy and the discipline of nonviolence. before any sit in, before any sit in at a theater, before any march whether it was a march from selma to montgomery or the freedom ride or the march on washington we studied and we prepared ourselves. we studied the philosophy and the disciplindisciplin e of nonviolence. we studied what gandhi attempted to do in south africa. we studied what he accomplished in india. we studied the role of disobedience and we studied the great religions of the world. and when it was time for the

young people to sit in, we did. many of us use nonviolence not simply as a technique or but it as a way of life in the way of living. we wanted as dr. king was there the soul of america to create a beloved community. you heard in the introduction i did get arrested a few times. 40 times. during the 60s but since i've been in congress i got arrested four more times around the issues of south africa and around what was going on in sudan. but we never gave up during those days. we never gave in. them. we never gave out in spite of being beaten, left bloody and unconscious, having a concussion on that ridge.

i still believe in the power of love. i still believe that somehow and some way we can overcome. we can create one community, one family, one house if we all live in the same house. not just an american house but the world house. it doesn't matter we are there we are lack, white latino asian-america or native american we must stay with our house and hold our little house down. thank you so much. [applause] >> he mark started the story about you and some caterpillars but he didn't finish it and i wish he would finish it for us because i read the book and i

know how it ends. if you could refresh my memory. >> one day my mom was coming home from work and i was born and raised in harlem new york between two famous nightclubs. so you know we were high steppers. [laughter] so we moved from lenox avenue and moved up to the project build in new york the harlem river house. my mom was a domesticated worker and when i was a youngster she matriculated on to become a nurse at bellevue hospital. she gave nights to work to make a few extra dollars and she would come home in the morning. by that time we were downstairs playing stick well in the projects and the mothers would be sitting downstairs on the bench. my mother would come in and she would give me and not and she

would go straight into the building. this would happen every day, five days a week. one day i asked my mother i approached her and i said mom, you never go downstairs and sit on the bench with the women. are you stuck up? my mother looked at me and she said what did you say? i said mom are you stuck up. i repeated it and my mom turned to me and she had tears in her eyes. she said i have never raised my kids to think they were better than anyone. i said mom how come you don't sit on on the bench and talked the other mothers? she said johnny i work in the operating room. i can't go in the operating room with rashes on my body. caterpillars are furry and very fragile, lightweight.

they float off the bush and land on your neck and you you reach back to gently brush it off on the bus by the time you put your hand down to your side you have the rash. so my mom couldn't go down there with rashes to work. so i took it upon myself to say well let's take it to the top. who do i go see to manage the project and i went in and talk to someone about the real problem. what's the problem? caterpillars. right away when i mention caterpillars he told me to get out of his office. i told them i said look i live here and i have the right to talk to you about the caterpillars. they are denuded they had a panic button. the congressman should know but the panic button. the police showed up in the projects and the projects god came in and they rushed me out of the office and he said get him out of my office. i broke loose and something i

was raised on a my household by my dad. he would give me 48 hours. i said you have 48 hours to solve the problem. [laughter] he looked back at me and he said and the police looked at me and he said are you threatening him? no sir i'm not threatening him but i guarantee if you don't take care that i will. i waited for 48 hours and nothing was done. i said i'm a man of my word. i went down to a friend of mine spotted at a gas station, went to the gas station and i said my dad came me -- told me, over to get some gas. where's the gas can? he didn't give me one. i will find you a gas can and i will find you the biggest one. he said where's the money? he said he would pay you later. [laughter] i filled it up and i went into the projects.

my partner said there is johnny and what is he going to do now? i went to the first tree and i doused the tree. we used to have stick matches at the time. i threw a stick match on the tray and fire jumped out so good it singed me. before i could get to the fire there were 10 yards between the trees. by that time somebody had called the police and by the time i hit the third tree here comes the police running down to get me and when the third tree went up, they didn't know whether to try to fight the fire or wrestle me down. by the fourth trade they threw me on the ground and shackled me down and i recall coincidently i did not burn the trees. every time i go i think about them and they think about me.

[laughter] in any case from that point they took me downtown to be introduced to john lott and they locked me up. i remember when they let me out and they gave me a court date to go back. i had never been in trouble with the law. i told my mother, i'm going to court and my mother was so embarrassed. my mother was a very proud woman and she was embarrassed. boy i don't know why you did that, and not going to down there and i'm not going to let them send my baby to jail. i'm not going. she said earl you take that boy to court. we get down we go to to the courthouse and i remember my dad saying son, you have crossed the line this time and i don't think you are coming home with me. i am looking at him like, you don't think i'm coming home? no sun i think the judge is going to send you away. i got a little quiet and we get to court and the judge looks at me and he says to my father, mr.

mr. carlos does your son have any mental deficiencies? my father said none that i know of. he said why would he do what he did? my father said that's a very good question. why don't you ask him? the judge asked me why did i burn the tree's? i told him your honor i asked my mother one day why she didn't come down and she gave me a story about caterpillars and her job. i thought i had a right. i asked them why they didn't spray the trees. my area we would go two miles away to the white neighborhood and they have the same trees minus the caterpillars. we would see them spraying every summer. they haven't sprayed my trees in in -- since i was knee-high to a grasshopper. the judge said when was the last time you sprayed these tree's? the manager tells the judge your

honor i don't really know. i don't have my records with me. he said to my father mr. carlos to remember the last time they sprayed my father said i can't give you a date that i can tell you my son was in the wading pool the last time they sprayed. he looked at at the at the man and he at the man in the city of your papers with you? this is a good time to take a resource -- recess. when you come back bring your papers with you. my father told me he was going out to lunch. got back in the manager comes in and he is a little thin board. one slip of paper on it in the n and the judge says is this all you have? the judge said was a smart man. he showed me how smart he was. he said anyone here from the housing authority? he called up the new york city harlem authority and had them send a supervisor down.

he came with an accordion type file with all sorts of papers in it. he said you have the papers to determine how often you send money to spray these tree's? he ran it down and he told them back in 1952 or something like that. how many times that at this time span did they not spray the trees? they checked off that they sprayed it all the time. he looked back at my father, mr. carlos are you sure? i father said you can ask anyone in the projects. by that time you might imagine the courthouse started looking a little better to my dad. the thing that got me that really let me know that i was on the right course in life is what my father said to me once we were leaving the courtroom. my father looked at me and he told me you have done a lot of things in your life. he said now i have spanked you

quite a few times. he said you never turned away from what you did and you always stood fast on what you did and he took the spankings but today i just want you to know i am one of the proudest father's on this earth. [applause] that's not it. i thought that was it too. [laughter] but then he went on to tell me and at that time i think i was 13, 14 years old. he went on to tell me about how much respect he had for me as a son. i thought that was kind of out of sync. i am looking at my dad and i said that i respect you and i love you but you respect the father when his son says i respect you. i honor you. that blew me away. it made me realize it's not about the whipping to set a

precedent to make things right when it's wrong. i'm sure my mother wasn't the only parent who didn't -- as a result of those caterpillars. we were in a situation where we knew something was wrong and we had a fix to make it right. fair loss of employment, fear of losing your friends. you have to realize that the changes you try to make and that goes for anyone in this audience than anyone what he outside in the streets, the changes we make are not for you. the changes there for your kids who come after you. when you have a cause that you love so much, to leave for your kids one day. june 5, 1945 the day i was born

and the day, whichever comes when i die, i learned early that those two dates will be irrelevant. it doesn't mean anything. but what will mean something everlasting is what you do in your life between those two dates because that is the character you will be judged on. i felt it was my responsibility because my mother should not be scared to stay in the house because someone is not doing their job. we run across this every day people not doing their jobs and other people are suffering and sacrificing as a result of it. step up to the plate. have no fear because the only person that you should have fear for his god. if you don't do the right thing rest assured you will see me then. [laughter] [applause]

>> mr. lewis. >> i think everybody in the audience knows about the freedom riders but i was interested in that first one when there were 13 of you. why don't you bring us up to date on that? it's an extraordinary experience. see the freedom ride occurred in 1961, the same year that president barack obama was born. [applause] in 1961, my people could not board a greyhound bus. leaving washington d.c. traveling to virginia, north carolina, south carolina georgia alabama and mississippi on our way to new orleans with the probability of being arrested or

jailed and that is what happened i was selected as one of the original freedom riders. we met in washington d.c. on may may 1, 1961. i was 21 years old and i was a few pounds lighter then. we went through a period of training orientation and i will never forget it. on may 3, 1961 we all went down to a chinese restaurant in washington d.c.. i had grown up in rural alabama and attended school in nashville tennessee. i never had chinese food, never been to a chinese restaurant and that night we had a wonderful meal. someone said you should eat well because this may be like the last supper. the next day on may 4, 1961 half

of the group boarded a greyhound bus and the other half a trailways bus. the first incident occurred in charlotte north carolina won the young black man attempted to get a shoe shine and end all white waiting room that had a so-called white darter shop and was arrested and taken to jail. the next day he went to trial and the jury draft to charges against him. the two of us attempted to get off a bus and rock hill's south carolina. we were attacked by young white men, beaten and left lying in a pool of blood. all these many years later in february of 091 of the individuals that attacked me and

my seat mate came to my office in washington. he spoke to someone in the press and rock hill's south carolina and they told him i was in washington. he came to washington and he said he wanted to apologize and he wanted me to forgive him. his son started crying and he started crying. i started crying. he hugged me and i hugged them both. he called me brother and i call him brother, his son called me brother and since then i have seen him for their times. that was the power of the freedom ride. that is the power of love and nonviolence. it's what the movement was all about to move towards reconciliation. the freedom ride led to the desegregation of public transportation all across the

south. during that time, there was an attempt to burn the bus between atlanta and birmingham, the greyhound bus. those on the trailways bus were beaten in birmingham and in anger mob madison montgomery. it was there that president kennedy and robert kennedy and the attorney general thought they had worked out an arrangement that we would be protected when we arrived in montgomery. they made an arrangement that there would be a troll car every 15 miles between birmingham and montgomery in a private plane would be flying over us and the montgomery police department would meet us at the greyhound station in montgomery. they did not show up and an anger mob.

if you had a pen and a pad as a reporter and a camera we are in real trouble. they destroyed their pets and destroy the cameras and then they turned on us. my seat mate was beaten, hit in the head with a wooden crate and was left unconscious down on the ground. but all these 52 years later this young person who was not even born three weeks ago today came to raven ralph abernathy's old church and met dr. king and reverend abernathy and apologize for what happened. [applause] >> there are so many of these stories.

what kept you two going? how do you sustain and what motivates you? you talked about that a minute ago. >> what motivated me was his word troublemaker. i have heard that word from the time i was knee-high to a grasshopper. i am a trouble make her. a troublemaker because you broke into freight trains to steal food even from people who did not have food. you know, the congressman, a troublemaker. i sit back and i look at this word trouble make her from every perspective and every angle that i could look at it and after a while i began to see visions of people. i saw a skinny guy in india round rimmed glasses named

gandhi and when the dust settled gandhi was called a troublemaker. there's a guy down there in georgia by the name of martin with all the good deeds that he is done in his life when the dust was settled they called martin a troublemaker. i can go to harriet tubman, underground underground railroad, harriet was a troublemaker. i sit back and i go back to south africa and think about a guy that was incarcerated for 28 years and think about when he came out, the underlying nelson mandela the troublemaker. my favorite hero robin hood, they say he is really a myth but the bottom line is they called him a troublemaker. use it back any think about the victory stand with me peter norman.

when the dust settled they called peter norman a troublemaker. i looked over my shoulder and the person that most people forget about today and maybe you can figure out why, they called them a troublemaker and they don't even mention his name anymore and that is john brown. today when i sat back and thought about it i sit troublemaker, jesus christ. they called him a trouble make her. so when all the dust settles i looked at john carlos and i said man hugh were dam good company to be called a troublemaker. [laughter] [applause] when i look back in terms of motivation there were many people swimming downstream with the words troublemaker. it did not deter me. i felt like if all of them were saying i was a troublemaker i know who the man in the mirror is a night know who john carlos

is and i know what i'm right and if i have to take a so be it. the more that went against me the stronger i got. but i came back from mexico. it wasn't bad for me in terms of john carlos but my young son over there, i felt the pain because my son suffered, because my wife suffered, all of my kids suffered. when you have to wake up in the middle of the night and tell your kids to take their clothes off and put them up against the wall and having your wife think you lost your mind. to think about the fight goes on i have to say to my kids when i leave here are my kids won't know how i stood to fight to make this a better. so i chopped the furniture up and put it in the fireplace. why? because when you stand for

justice, you lose your job, you lose your income, you can't pay your electric bill so therefore you don't have heat in the house. but you would think, i'm in this fight to wind. i'm not concerned about the women. i'm concerned about the victory. it's about having a slow start. all of them were slow starts. it's not about the start. it's about the finish. everybody in here as i stated earlier, when i came to this audience my job was to reach one person in here. not to touch everybody but one person. that is what god told me. your job is to reach one person and i want you to talk about one to that one person like you are talking to a thousand. if there are a thousand people in here i want you to focus on talking to that one. that is what he did through my

life. i learned how to talk with bees and to here with my eyes. i can speak silently. imagine how many pictures you saw that spoke volumes. there's a young man by the name of tommy smith or a young man by the name of john carlos who didn't utter one word. it was so powerful it's a beacon for society. it wasn't a black thing. we have projects for human rights. the last time i checked all of us in this auditorium -- so when they sat back and said it was a black thing and it was a militant thing you try to tear down america,.

the basketball tournament and the football tournament, brent musburger. he got his reputation off of mr. smith and mr. norman and particularly tommy smith and john collins because he called us black -- troopers. he tried to put me in with the neo-nazis. and america applauded him and embraced him and promoted him and gave him a whole bunch of money. that is the same team and we are dealing with everyday. there comes a time in your life when you have to make a decision i'm going to drop this real quick. when all it was a guy i had a vision. how could i make life better for my son? how could i make life better for your kid's? i said do you know something? i met with dr. king and dr. king told me something that was very profound. he said john i'm going to support the boycott because you

can make a statement that will reach far into the earth and you don't have to do to maim, kill or harm anyone. that is heavy, dr. king. so now when i say i want the to boycott the let the games, they will just take somebody else and put them in my spot. that is why as my olympic friends to come out and boycott the olympics. he told me man i can boycott the games. i promised my minister was going to wind. mike kids are counting on me to wind that battle. i trained too hard. i can't boycott. i said listen let me ask you question. are you willing to get on a train and let's take this right so we can have some dialogue about a possible boycott? oh yeah. i understand the theory about why you want to boycott but i'm

not ready to sacrifice for that because i trained too hard. are you ready to get on this train? we get on this train and rolling down the tracks and we hear all the people outside the window with an american flag waving in kids saying god bless america. if you sit back and think about when they came back from vietnam or when they were going to vietnam and they were singing the same song. they were heroes and warriors warriors and athletics. it's the same. who is more superior? the discussion came up and he said do you know something? i have a better understanding why a boycott might be necessary. we can actually come together? is it possible that we can -- i can go so far as to say that.

the redhook stop the train. john hari stopping the train? we can't have a commitment and keep it confined to ourselves. we have to let the world now. let's put the banners on the side of the trains so when we go through everybody will see. we put the banners on and we started rolling the train again. all those were singing god bless america and waving flags, they were gone. there are firebombs and fires running all through the train. now here we are 44 years later and people sit back and they say john collins is in icon, john carlos is a legend, john carlos is a hero. you have a 25-foot statue at san jose stadium that blew me away.

i thought if you want to do if you have the right to do it to put it into the institution of education. but when they take a picture of the statue, that is a beautiful statue. i think i should have a brick with my name at the base. hey man move over. i think i should be in the picture. i told them wait a minute, hold it for a second. you cannot get a brick with your name on it on the base of the statue. why not, john? that statue does not depict me taking the baton beyond athletics. you can't get in the picture. why can i get in the picture? we ran together. i said i will tell you what, i will let you get in the picture. what do you want? only to step forward and open up your shirt. roll up your sleeves. pull up your pant legs.

what are you talking about? would be looking for? i said i'm looking for burns. i'm looking for burns on your chest and on your napkin on your back. show me some fire burns. i said mr. mr. smith, anna. you want to see some burns. turn around and look at his back. mr. norman come over here and show him your burns. do you want to see my burns? if you don't have any burns it means when things got hot to jump ship and you bailed off the train. you will be at the same crossroads for your life to matter. it's not going to be easy to change society and make them realize that this is a god-loving society and we have to work together to make this a beautiful planet. it was beautiful a long time before man used god's rule. think about it. we have an argument about marijuana versus alcohol.

god put marijuana on this earth. man took god's marijuana and through to the curb and he said let me put some johnny walker red down here. let me put some marlboros and -- down here. some red bull. and at my neighborhood and is i am sure in the congressman's neighborhood as well in harlemite had liquor stores all up and down harlem. if we look today right now and you go to any -- and america still see them advertising liquor and cigarettes and all the poisons that man put down to kick it to the curb. that is why i say -- listen my man, do me a favor.

when i came here and they introduced me you all applauded. i do not like applause. i am not here for a applause. i am here to give you what god told me to give you. he said men you don't need applause. i am just like you. i will applaud you and thank you for coming so from now on anyone who applauds at what john carlos said said we will as court you out of here. >> i'm not sure we need to go that far. >> i love all of you but i don't want you to applause. >> you are right. we heard some of that as well from john carlos about the beloved community. i know from reading that faith was a large part of what motivated you to continue to persevere against the beatings that you actually took. would you elaborate some on that

>> it is my belief that when you see something that is not right, that is not fair and is not just, or when people have been put down in any group because of their race or their color, their nationality or their gender or sexual orientation, whatever, we have an obligation. we have a mission and mandate to do something about it. going back to something dr. carlos said about trouble, i felt it was my calling, my mission, my obligation to get in what i call good trouble, to make things right. and faith is already done.

you just have to act and become a vessel, become an instrument. you have to become a tool. it's already done. you must play a role in no one else can play it. we are all on the stage. we are actors. and we have to act for good. >> thank you. [applause] >> i think you are fighting a losing battle on the applause. >> one thing the congressman said, when you sit back and think about you having to do certain things in life, life is

not easy for anyone. and it's really a lot easier when you say i'm not concerned about me. as much as i am concerned about those who cannot fend for themselves. this is what i'm trying to say, just imagine you lying at the bottom of the hill and you were are little kids out there playing every day. they have a sign at the bottom of this hill when the cars come speeding down this hill every day and there are kids playing every day and one day all of a sudden -- walking the stop sign. it's been like that for five years. the reason why we worry every day about these kids out there playing is because we know one day that car is going to go straight through that stop sign and kill one of those kids. why were the branch is so thick

for five years? because most people don't know what to do or who to call to have been taken care of. there is always one person that knows what to do. a lot of times they are afraid to do it. my kids are not out there playing. let them he concerned about the kids. as long as we have a divided society like that we are in trouble. we teach division. think about division, we teach that. if you go back to school and you see it by kids sitting together in d.c. white kids sitting together and you see asian kids sitting together and american american indian sitting together and hispanics sitting together and where else do you see the same? you go to the penitentiary and you see the exact same formula there. they wanted me to learn about

abraham lincoln and george washington and benjamin franklin but i wanted to learn about everybody. i don't know the various cultures of the ethnic groups that we have grown up with. i know the white culture. but i don't know the indian culture and i don't know the asian culture. sometimes i have to figure out mott my culture is because they don't teach us these things and until we get to -- our own households is a very vital thing and you have to remember love starts in your house. ..

>> i believe in something that i call that is part of history, that we must be in tune with the spirit of history. we may try to avoid it, a dodge it, run away from a. but it will talk best -- track is down but you have to do with your passion. go with your heart. we guided by the spirit of history and let the spirit of history use you. i believe in america, the

late '60s, we witnessed what i like to call a revolution of values, a revolution of ideas. you have what i would consider, the essence of the beloved community and for a brief period, i came to the conclusion that sense of the beloved community was in the movement itself. that people to be believed -- true the believed and that the american end electorate and those in elected positions must build on the spirit that existed during the '60s that is way -- in the face of politics democrats and republicans

moderates, liberals, progres sives, i'd go back to the historic site to learn, how to be more human. how to forgive for -- and how to move on. and that is what is needed today in american politics with the democratic process. i tell stories from time to time when i was a little boy was my responsibility to care for the chickens. i wanted to be a minister but from time to time with the help of my a brothers and sisters and cousins we would gather the chickens together and they would help

to make up the congregation and i was the preacher and so much about their head and some would shake their head. [laughter] they never said amen. [laughter] i convinced they listened to me much better than my colleagues listen to me in congress. [laughter] [applause] and those chickens taught me patience, a discipline but also to never ever give up forgiving and. keep the faith. and that is what we must do today. >> never give up. [applause] these two men are willing to take questions from the audience.

i see somebody leaving the room to get a microphone but if you would like to ask a question there will come and i would encourage you to make the questions brief and make the actual questions instead of responses. >>. >> you never talked about how you felt while you were standing on the podium. i with like you to elaborate >> john carlos how did you feel in the olympics 1968? >> good question. i had a vision when i was a kid when i was seven or eight years old but god gave me a vision at seven years

old on a box in a forum. i did not know at the box was a what the stadium was at that time. everybody was applauding they were so excited in by the time it dawned on my little brain because nobody was out there but me, i am right-handed. that day with my left hand just like to see the demonstration all the joy and happiness turned to a anchored just like sunshine been you blink and you start cussing and spitting and telling me where to go. it would send me into shock. live bothers said what was wrong? >> i was in the movie. he said what happened? everybody was happy then

they got mad at me and started throwing things at me and spitting. 50 years later -- 15 years later i did not forget about this vision. but i forgot about it altogether when i got on the victory stand 1968 the first thing i thought about was that vision because the exact same thing happened in the vision happened on the stand. i am right-handed and knocked a lot of people out why would i raise my left hand? it gave indication right there that god knew something. it blows my mind that he chose me to be a part of something to be a beacon for society. >> another question. >> somebody is back there.

please stand up. >> my first observation is a juxtaposition between dr. dr. carlos and john lewis with your approach. it reminds me of the approach of dr. king and of course, malcolm x. so some people think they were in opposition to each other and i think that comes through here. but i have been around long enough to know that you both have made a significant contribution to something we can learn from the troubled maker and of course, the person who takes the positive approach. but i was there when rosa

parks was arrested at the first baptist church, 1956 where we had a mass meeting when king's home was bombed. i want to mention that to come to the fact that the police came to the home but he was a member of though white citizens council and boasted about that. when i saw on the video the other day, the chief of police in montgomery had apologized for what happened in 1961 when he failed to protect you and he took his bad joffe and give it to you , i really was new just as you were when you had tears in your eyes because i know what had taken place there back in 1956. i just want to commend you for your struggle and also dr. carlos.

>> thank you mr. fields. [applause] >> there were a lot of difficult decisions to be made with individual moments during the '60s and later and i was wondering if you would discuss consensus process and what it took to arrive at consensus and some more difficult decisions you faced? >> this is a big question. can you find an example? >> maybe one or two examples and i will be very brief. on august 1963 i was the and guest speaker at the march on washington.

part of the student nonviolent coordinating committee. we all had to prepare a short speech. dr. king was to be the last some people did not like the words in my prepared speech. i was reading "the new york times" and saw a photograph of black women in africa saying one-man, one-vote so i said one man, of one vote litmus be ours. i went on to say something like you tell us to wait and to be patient. we cannot wait, we cannot be patient, we want our freedom and we want it now. then in the body with something like, the of black

monsters are wrestlers we are involved in serious revolution. somebody said you cannot use revolution or the phrase black monsters. and randolph the dean of black leadership came to my rescue and said there is nothing wrong with the use of the word of revolution. i use it myself sometimes. i was critical of president kennedy i thought it was too little and too late. and then down it in the body of the speech i said something like if we do not see meaningful progress today, the day may come we will not find our march on washington but we'll be forced to march to the south the way sherman did somebody said john, you cannot use that.

[laughter] the randolph said let's stay together. we have come this far together. [laughter] dr. king said john, that does not sound like you. can we change that? for the sake of unity? i could have said no i could not say no to march in the third king, jr.. to men that i had admired admired, love, my inspiration, my leaders, my elders. dr. king only 11 years older but mr. randolph much older. one more example the ninth finish. the night before we made a decision to march to montgomery might organization ordered --

argued over whether to march and i said i am the chair if you march march as an individual does not is a share of the organization. then arresting going to jail the local people wanted to march. i wanted to march with them. we were beaten and left bloody and had a concussion people came from all over america but i made a decision i had to march in be there with the people that we had organized it was difficult but the right decision to make now that i've looked back. >> thank you very much. >> n/a before the event, the night before the eaves and

how did you deal with the anxiety? you did not know it would be historical, but how did you feel? >> the first thing that came to my mind when it was said and done, i was a free man might emancipation took place that day. i felt they could never put shackles on john carlos ever again. meeting up to the demonstration, it wasn't a question have i would do when i quite frankly you believed i was born to be here october 16, 1968 just based on how my life was laid out. film luminaries dinette in my life to meet jackie robinson as a young boy, my father's shop and he introduces them to me and he is one of my father's friends. then to go to the ymca and

see jackie robinson says he gets ready to release his new movie. but he played his own character in the movie. i didn't know who he was by and that the ymca they showed the jackie robinson story. you know, when the lights go down user to fool around and i see the face come across that is my father's friend. what you mean? and when i started to look at the movie and realize how gifted he was as an athlete then began to realize how gifted you was as a man, then all the kids that he had was because of the color of his skin and he still had to endure prejudice and violence. that stuff in my mind. perhaps as for the question when malaya arrive to make a statement to society?

i got to mexico city i could have taken my nettle and been quiet. people say when the boycott did not go why didn't you just a home? then somebody would have gone to the games we were the powerhouse at that time for track and field. somebody would have gone to the victory stand in my place but i don't think they would have represented john carlos the way he thought he had to be represented. i had to be there. those naysayers thought they could go back in time to change their views and opinions for what they stood for at that time. >> thank you. >> the first time i was arrested february 27,

february 27, 1960, for eating at a lunch counter in nashville. the moment that i was arrested i felt free and liberated. i felt like i had crossed over. the freedom writers or whatever comes, i would go to bet at night and prepared for the next day, i slept well. then i would get up, put on my tie, and those that participated in the movement , we put on our sunday best especially in the city of nashville. that was part of our decisions. dissidents. i was ready. i did not worry about anything.

so on one occasion i thought it was the end and i would die when i gave a little blood. but, it's dying was necessary to make a possible 400 its of thousands and millions of people to participate in the democratic process, that was the price to pay. >> with the congressman just said talk about dying to say i would give my life but then think about life and how we were trained from childhood through adulthood adulthood, we think about food to the image are self? i want to be like john wayne, liz taylor, sammy

davis, jr., and everybody wanted to be the guy on the big screen or in on the baseball or football field. even to this day but those are not the real heroes because when you sit back and think about john wayne died. nobody talks about john wayne. you don't hear them talk about liz taylor but they talk about rosa parks. or harriet tubman. the individuals that the congressmen was speaking of. those that sacrificed. the manmade icons and there are god-given icons. the manmade icons go with the calendar once the changes they are forgotten. fed god-given icons live

through the duration of time. that is why if he died wife was irrelevant but what i stood for stan's longer. if you think of dr. king how he lives stronger in death than when he did when he was alive. you heard how i will be remembered when i leave this world. that is the plan. to leave a blueprint for what has not been thought of yet. so when they realize there is people here they were from out of this world from the time they had on the planet, your grand kids ain't born yet. they have the same blood as i have as the congressman had or any god-given icon. don't ever get hung up on fiction. this is real.

if it was fiction we could turn the channel to say no prejudice, and nobody is domino hate, and no destruction, but they like to turn that tv button off. when dade turn it off and roll up the sleeves and get busy and be ready to sacrifice and put your life on the line. you will die anyway. [laughter] so if you are going to leave here you might as well stand up to do something right while you are here so when you do go out you show your dimples to say i did the right thing in my life. [applause] >> john, i thank you made it possible for me to do the applause it is not like me but with a young man here, i am working with him on a

graphic novel it is for everybody but it is special for young people to let them understand to feel in touch with what another generation did. it will be in three parts parts, august this year then another part 2014 than another in 2015 and it will tell the story. and there will be a lot of action, drama. >> we look forward to it and having you back for the book festival. [laughter] [applause] i think we need to wrap up but i want to think these two gentlemen for joining us this evening.

we are all within five years of each other in agency has been an inspiration for me since the late '50s, '60s and continuing today. i have not met them before but i have known them for most of my life and i suspect that is true for a lot of you in this room today. [applause] they will have books to sign and i will have them leave the room and use it -- stacey did -- state seated would go down those steps but please join me to think m. [applause]

[applause] >> i expect all of you feel it has been an honor to sit with these men and listen to their stories and continuing stories and commitment to a beloved community which i think it's a wonderful term. please join us next year.

they are moving slowly. [laughter] please let them walk on by to help us out. the. [inaudible conversations]>> this

incarceration is so deeply rooted in our economic structure that it will not just fade away or downsize out of sight. we had a major upheaval, a radical shift in public consciousness. i know there is many people today who say there is no hope of mass incarceration. pick another issue. just says people would say

yes, that's and shame that that is the way that is, i have met so many people today coming in and out of prisons and jails it is unfortunate but and and alterable fact of american life. dr. king would not have been so kind. so if we are truly to lead to honor dr. king and ever catch up with dr. king we have to be willing to continue his work. we have to be willing to go back to pick up where he left off to do the hard work of movement building on behalf of poor people of all colors. 1968, dr. king told that the kids the time had come to transition from a civil rights movement to the human rights movement. meaningful equality cannot be achieved through civil

rights alone. without basic human rights or the right to work the right to shelter or quality education. so it in honor of dr. king and those who labored to end the old jim crow i hope we will build a human rights movement and mass incarceration. a good job ford jails and with discrimination against people that denies basic human rights to work and shelter and food. what do we do to begin the movement? first, we have got to begin by telling the truth, the whole truth we have to be willing to make it out loud we have managed to recreate

a cast like system in this country and we have to be willing to tell the truth in our schools and places of worship and to tell the truth to the reality of what has occurred or what is to come to pass because this does not come with signs. there are no signs today alerting us to the existence of the system of mass incarceration. today they are out of sight and out of mind hundreds of miles away from communities and families that might otherwise me connected and those people whose cycle in and out typically the it -- live in segregated and impoverished communities

that the upper middle class folks rarely come across. so you can live your whole life in america today having no idea that the system of mass incarceration and the harm that it reeks even exists. we have to be billing to tell the truth what has occurred to pull back the curtain and make visible but is hidden in plain sight. said that and awakening can begin and people can begin to take that destructive action that this moment requires. there's a lot of talk is it going to be enough? we have to get to work and that means we have to build the underground railroad for

people who want to make a genuine breaks for real freedom and those who want to escape the system and find work find shelter and to find a true freedom in america today. we have to be willing to open our homes, schools homes, schools, workplaces, to people returning home from prison to provide work and the families who have loved ones behind bars today. how do we create these safe places? one thing we can certainly do is it minutes are on criminality out loud. because the truth is we all have made mistakes in our lives. we all have. all of us are sinners. all of us have done wrong and all of us have broken

the law at some point* in our life. if you are in adults, you have broken the law at some point* in your life. people will say yes, i am a sinner, i make mistakes but don't call me a criminal. then maybe you never drink under age experimented with drugs the. if the worst thing you have done in your entire life is speed 10 miles over this bid to limit them for yourself more risk than harm then someone smoking marijuana in the privacy of their living room. but there are people in the united states serving a life sentences for first-time drug offenses. the u.s. supreme court upheld like sentences for first time offenders even against the violation but

the supreme court said it is not cruel and unusual punishment to sentence a young man to life imprisonment for a first-time drug offense even if no other country does such a thing. we have to end the idea the criminals are them, not as. but instead say there but for the grace of god to die, all of us have made mistakes in our lives, taking and a wrong turn but those that have been required to pay for those mistakes for the rest of our life. that president barack obama himself has is committed to more than of little bit of drug use in his lifetime and he admitted to marijuana and cocaine and if he had not been raised by a white grandparents in hawaii, if he had that done much of the illegal drug use on a white college campus and university, if he was raised

in the hood, the odds are good he would have been stopped, searched, caught and far from being president of united states today he might not even have the right to vote depending on the state he lives in.

>> who stole the american dream? the author joins us on booktv. mr. smith? who stole the american dream? >> you have to get into the whole story of the last 40 years inside the economic system, middle-class is cut out but the share of growth and prosperity that is america and corporate leaders and a big power shift in washington and is led by lew was called the supreme court justice before he went on the court to wrote -- to grow to a secret memo say you're again taken to the cleaners by the labor movement, environmental movement you need to get in the game. they got in the game ever since then we have a policy tilts since the late '70s that has hurt the middle class moving money up

against gravity to the wealthy so it is political and economic not just men sitting around a room saying screw the middle-class, it happened historically but if we understand how or why we will not get to fix the situation right now. >> host: what is one example of how the middle class has been hurt? >> the 401k program came in place of lifetime pension is shifting hundreds of billions of dollars from the accounting on to the shoulders of the middle-class. the housing crisis, a $6 trillion of accumulated wealth of mortgages and equity of homes moved during a the housing boom, not the bust, a $6 trillion moved to the wall street banks. those are two big changes of wells that happen during this period. >> host: wendy's terraforming the idea to write this book?

>> i have done a bunch of documentary's for pbs islam are good for america, can you afford to retire that got me into economics and politics and was interested in the housing crisis, the biggest victims were prime far worse, not some time but i saw the same patterns that i had seen in the shift of retirement and i said there's a story here about the american middle-class. i did not start with the title but come on the title was the dream times but only as i got into it and i discovered more and more i realized this was not impersonal market forces, a technology, the globalization but what happened with american politics and economics we are working against the

middle-class. if you look at other countries like germany germany, they're middle-class is in better shape with better trading against the world, companies are making money, a lot of things that we heard were not impossible are actually happening in germany and wages have gone up five times faster and there is something wrong inside the american political and economic system. that is what the book is about. >> host: who stole the american dream? hedrick smith is the author. thank you. >> other generation say how do we adapt, a move, get four in the fast paced world? millennial stake in stride because that is the reality of how we grow up and also brought us up with the adaptability to be resilient , the economic crisis which has led to incredible use unemployment and debt for young people but we're optimistic about

the long-term economic future because in one year it could be totally different. we saw how quickly a started sold the grass is greener on the other side we have the ability to know we will get there. x

professor friedman author of rethinking anti-americanism.

why do they hate us? >> good question they have been asking that since 1899 as i discovered looking at old copies of "the new york times" and it turns out first of all,, is they don't hate us. if we think of world opinion. the united states since we had the advent of scientific polling in the '20s and '30s, in almost every country on the planet at almost any point* in time the united states was more popular than unpopular and americans are much more like to fan disliked. and continue discover there is a very small fringe of various political movements that have hatred for the united states but we are more popular around the world and we believe and that is part of the myth. >> host: you are some of the of the day? who is asking the question?

if you think of the context al qaeda seems to have many members who are quite angry at united states and to wish it ill but i found very often in the united states our discussion of opinion rapidly slides into the sense that "they" includes foreigners in general that they hate us into in coherence to'' a journalist after 9/11 during the run-up to the iraq war the sense the whole world was turning against us with the largest coordinated demonstration in the history of humankind february 2003 against the war with iraq of some 15 million people on every continent including antarctica demonstrating and americans react to save the world hates us because we

are good that is not a helpful way so the concept of anti-americanism says there is a wall between ourselves and a better understanding of the complexity that i decided to look into its history. >> host: what is significant about 1899? >> that year there were critical books printed about the rise of u.s. industrial power and in european countries there was a debate of a political home how to ensure their rising challenge of the new world power would not affect the markets a european-style or for themselves that is some dispute but americans read it that the world is coming to hate us because we are so successful and wealthy

country, we are free and stands for good but it is curious. but it is a predominant way to engage when we encounter hostility. >> host: are there any countries that are legitimately anti-american? >> no. not entire countries we have an ongoing dispute with iran with the government that produces all manner of a vicious propaganda across the united states but among iranians we are quite popular. we are among the most pro american population of the greater middle east. it is unusual to find where pollsters cannot find population center filled with haters of america bayou do find the rise and fall of approval which can erupt in demonstrations or of the two

disputes that we throw into the catchall carat one negative category underlying hatred even though opinion changes dramatically. germans are asked their opinion under george w. bush's fell to a low of 12% within a couple of years obama was elected approval was 92%. was that a population of haters? no. people who could make discriminating judgments on how they assessed the new leader of the same country. many western europeans and others were unhappy with the leader they saw the unilateral action who would have a swagger in his step with no interest in their opinion and when he left office in the new president

came in who seemed to be good at articulating why it was in u.s. interest to seek cooperation and embody a set of ideals that we are land of opportunity of a sudden the states was popular. that all the a consistent hatred but that is rare. we find foreigners can make distinguishing judgments. >> host: why should we care what germans think of us? when is the last time we were asked about angela merkle? >> they're actually quite interested and. >> host: why? >> because united states has a lot of power and resources and when we get a cold day get pneumonia.

when we decide to use our tremendously powerful military machine united states looms large for a good reason that is why there is a lot of attention but it is not so much appreciate treat those foreigners well but just in terms of power do we achieve our goals? by acting unilaterally or with coalitions of different countries of force multipliers to ensure we have helped to pursue our goals and the policies we decide upon are well thought out. in 2002 with the dispute over the iraq war president

of france urged americans not to go to war with iraq. he said don't go there i fought in algeria this will end up badly you'll be seen as an occupation and this will not be in your interest. what did we do? lee said the french are anti-american, they resent there star is falling so we poured french wine into the gutter and renamed the french fries as free of rise that we should dig up the boys from normandy because it is no longer a resting place and there was demonstrations what is this wave of anti-americanism? i thought that reminds me of the early '60s when the president of france charles

de gaulle told the kennedy administration don't go to war in vietnam. we have been there and we know the terrain. he said this will end badly you will see a western army of occupation and told kennedy you will sink step by step into a quagmire and predicted it will last 10 years and end in defeat what degree do? launched a boycott of french goods and poured french wind down the trade and congress gave a speech to dig up our boys because normandy's telegraph their resting place in the city is anti-americanism there were demonstrations against vietnam it was always but we ignored them and said the problem is they are irrational and we marched

off into the to form possible -- farm policy debacle's but robert mcnamara secretary of defense 30 years later spoke of his regret we could not listen to charles de gaulle it was a failure of imagination to realize the french were the best informed and we did not taken seriously because we assume they had it in for us. i went to the records of the event to look at what the advisers were telling him favor not saying those americans who have no culture but they said they analyzed the intelligence they were getting, a 70,000 french citizens commissar a vietnamese exiles they had good information they tried to share with us that we could not hear it because of

the confusing concept. >> host: are there times in history where the entire nation in type feeling of roman empire? >> that is the right question to ask. in the era of the golden age british officials would talk about anglophobia to explain why they encountered resistance. and the explanation was when people rise up for criticize the problem is they don't like our literature or our values we have a phobia for the russian empire they don't understand and they don't like tolstoy.

would redoing when we are at democratic power? it is something that has been used by a chauvinist french fascist talks about the anti-a french conspiracy. why do we turn that in other countries is a parallel construction that it is exclusive and suggested you criticize aspects of society, government policy policy, not so much that i may disagree with criticism but you are against your own country your position is beyond pail of discussion with a very narrow in an exclusive concept that does not give access to the critiques that are

essentials to make a more perfect union like the founding generation has the right to dissent and criticize the government is them more -- the first to the constitution but over 200 years critics in the united states have been tarred with the war of 1812 and the war of mexico with the rise of empire across the 20th century that does not do justice. >> host: i want to ask professor friedman about another book, and not seizing and good neighbors. >> guest: that was from the second world war when the roosevelt administration was worried that a german and a grant population there is said million and a half spread across the americas would rise up and take over the country to open a third.

this was a concern widely shared in the joint army and navy planning board with the possibility but in order to support the possibility of a program was lost to history that the fbi was dispatched to find a dangerous teetwo and those who were said did not speak german or spanish and did not know much about the country's so you get your expense account and start buying presents and go to the chief of police. that opened a system that was riddled with corruption that latin-american

dictators and realized if you want the veto -- t2 take him away. then i can take his land we'll bring 4,000 people of german origin to put them in a camp in texas when i discovered in the archives pretty soon commanders would say who is sending us? the spanish speakers 80 jews fled germany for asylum are picked up because of the herd them speaking german and they were put in a camp somebody knew what it was light to live behind barbed wire and in some ways it was the precursor to guantanamo with the use of bounty hunters to round up people that they are suspected as

terrorists that are locked up in the system outside of judicial review but as the years passed we realized we have the wrong people. >> host: back to your current book, race sensitive to the charge? do we care as a people? >> yes. americans do seem to have a long record of worrying about this. not only was the term used as early as 1767 but it appears with the founding generation and it was fought over left and right and tried to quash dissent in the united states and it became an official concern that u.s. government

especially with the cold war to try to have a scientific approach to analyze the source and come up with policies to combat but it is a sloppy category and a term that deducts from the sum total of the knowledge it claims will hold diversity of movements are all the same and the problem they have is they don't think like us, they are irrational but they are hot blooded and prisoners of their emotion and why they have a protest right now. because we fought a war with mexico and to a territory or that there is a cause or an international dispute the anti-americanism is a way to look at the world in three

have a monologue we won the mirror to tell us we are the fairest of the ball but that makes an excellent fairytale the that is not very effective. >> host: we are talking with american university professor friedman rethinking anti-americanism anti-americanism, the history of an exceptional concept of american and foreign relations. published by cambridge university press. you're watching booktv on c-span2. . .